Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production Using Tin-Porphyrin/TiO2 System

  • Wooyul Kim, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
  • Hee-joon Kim, Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Korea
  • Jaiwook Park, Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
  • Prof Wonyong Choi, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Korea
  • Photochemical hydrogen production under visible light irradiation represents one of the most challenging issues in solar energy conversion. Intensive efforts have been made to achieve this goal for the last 30 years. Among them, dye-sensitized semiconductor oxides (e.g., TiO2) have been frequently studied and shown promising results. In such systems, an efficient visible light sensitization requires a strong binding between TiO2 surface and sensitizers. Many sensitizers such as Ru-complexes, metaloporphyrins and Pt-complexes can be attached to TiO2 surface through chemical anchoring groups (e.g., carboxylate linkage). In this study, we used water-soluble tin-porphyrin [SnIV (OH2)2TPyHP]6+(SnP) to achieve a non-attached SnP/TiO2 system for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Although SnP hardly adsorbs on TiO2, hydrogen was successfully produced under visible light. The electron transfer from the sensitizer to TiO2 conduction band is believed to occur through a collisional mechanism. The high charge on Sn(IV) makes the SnP ring the most electrophilic one among all metaloporphyrins. Therefore, the excited state of SnP (SnP*) has a high electron affinity, favoring the formation of reduced SnP (SnP-) which is relatively stable and long-lived. The subsequent electron transfer from SnP- to TiO2 results in the production of hydrogen. This porphyrin-sensitized production of hydrogen was compared with the conventional anchored sensitized systems employing ruthenium bipyridyl complexes. Ru-complexes with hexacarboxylate (C6) and diphosphonate (P2) as the anchoring group were selected. The amount of H2 produced in SnP/TiO2 was significantly higher than that in C6/TiO2 and similar to P2/TiO2.